Simple and inexpensive semiconductor devices in earlier generations of electronic systems were easily discarded or recycled when they were damaged either before or during the printed circuit board ...

Electronic devices continue to shrink in size with advancement in chip fabrication technology. Packaging technology has responded with improved formats to present these chips for assembly to PCBs.

The plastic Ball Grid Array (BGA) and Low profile Fine pitch BGA (LFBGA) packages have developed over recent years from being rarely used devices, to become, for many applications, the first choice ...

Diagram of a ball grid array (BGA). Engineers can use digital image correlation (DIC) to assess its thermal expansion or warpage due to thermal, mechanical and thermo-mechanical loads. DIC is an ...