Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...

Diodes, logic gates and sensors can be built from metal nanoparticles coated with charged organic ligands. Nanoparticles have been used extensively as an electrode material 7,8, but are generally poor ...

External TVS diodes can be used to supplement the internal clamping diodes of ICs. Surge ability of silicon TVS diodes are related to size. External TVS diodes can be 10x larger than internal clamping ...

Logic elements “Exclusive OR” are widely used in a variety of digital devices. However, in some cases, for example, when using increased operating voltages, the use of standard chips is impossible.