Figure 4. A snapshot, in time, of two complex numbers whose exponents, and thus their phase angles, change with time. The notion of negative frequency is often troubling to engineers who've spent so ...

This Design Brief introduces a computationally efficient network that computes the derivative of a discrete time-domain (digital) sequence. While recursive differentiating networks exist, this article ...

This series is drawn from the course “DSP Made Simple for Engineers.” For more information, see Besser Associates. This article is also available as a PDF Part 2 introduces quadrature (complex) ...

A new algorithm performs Fourier transforms using a minimal number of samples. The fast Fourier transform, one of the most important algorithms of the 20th century, revolutionized signal processing.

Shown is a simplified continuous-time sigma-delta ADC model, comprising a sigma-delta modulator and a decimation filter. The DT-S? input structure typically implements switched capacitors, and CT-S?