The purpose of the network layer is to help route messages between different local networks. Central to this layer is the concept of exclusive network addresses, where every terminal connected to the ...

With the exception of message fields ('M' -- PUIDNETD_DATA_MSG), leading and trailing spaces are removed from field data. Caution: removal of leading and trailing spaces can reduce a field that has ...

Voice over IP (VoIP) is the descriptor for the technology used to carry digitised voice over an IP data network. VoIP requires two classes of protocols: a signaling protocol such as SIP, H.323 or MGCP ...

When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works. After glancing at Figure 1, does it make you wonder how a data packet makes its way from the ...