Botox is a form of toxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. The botulinum toxin in food or wounds blocks the signal transmission between nerves and muscles resulting in botulism, or ...

Endoscopic orbital decompression is a surgery to treat Graves’ orbitopathy (thyroid eye disease). It removes the middle and bottom walls of the bone surrounding the eye. Surgeons use endoscopes and ...

This story is part of a series on the current progression in Regenerative Medicine. This piece is part of a series dedicated to the eye and improvements in restoring vision. In 1999, I defined ...

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the thyroid gland. Approximately 27 percent of patients with Graves’ disease in North America will develop an eye disease that is known ...

Loosening eyelid skin can make it seem as if you have excess skin on your eyelids. While not typically a cause for concern, it causes vision problems, treatment, such as surgery, can help. A lot of ...

Thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as Graves’ ophthalmopathy or Graves’ orbitopathy, is an autoimmune disease that may affect the appearance and function of one or both eyes. In thyroid eye disease ...

Exophoria is the term for one eye drifting uncontrollably outwards. Exophoria may cause blurred or double vision, eye fatigue, and difficulty focusing on objects. Exophoria is a problem with eye ...