Joel is an internationally recognized expert in the areas of security, networking and messaging. Follow him on X (formerly Twitter) @joelsnyder. Building enterprise networks with routers and switches ...

Ethernet is a layer 2 data link protocol that is widely used with the TCP/IP protocol, which resides at layers 3 and 4. To understand network communications, it is essential to learn about the ...

The purpose of the network layer is to help route messages between different local networks. Central to this layer is the concept of exclusive network addresses, where every terminal connected to the ...

Have you ever performed surgery on data packets? There are times when that may be the best way to troubleshoot and optimize your network. This edition of the Packet Professor will get you started in ...

Agilent’s N2X multiservice tester combines three instruments into one. Combining a router tester, bit-error-rate tester (BERT), and storage-area network (SAN) tester, the N2X tests Internet Protocol ...

When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works. Figure 1: Peer to Peer The concept of layered communications is at the foundation of all IP ...

Layer-3 blockchains refer to a layer of blockchain technology built on top of base layers to provide customized application-specific blockchains tailored to users’ needs. Typically, L2s intend to ...