Industrial control systems can be categorized in two types: open-loop and closed-loop systems. The open-loop control system is a continuous control system that provides no feedback from its output.

Block diagrams can be written, usually in boxes, with the headings input, process, and output. When planning how a circuit will function, these headings are then used to plan what the input, process ...

All systems can be understood using an input-process-output (IPO) model, and the system we call “innovation” is no exception. This model is likely familiar to you from information technology and ...