Yes and no: It depends on how you classify animals. There are two main classification systems – the Linnaean system which groups organisms by characteristics and the phylogenetics system, which ...

Researchers have elucidated the evolutionary origins of placodes and neural crests, which are defining features of vertebrates, through lineage tracing and genetic analysis in Ciona intestinalis, a ...

The conservation of genome regulatory elements over long periods of evolution is not limited to vertebrates, as previously ...

FOR long we have accepted as well-established and equivalent the five classes of vertebrate animals, but recent zoological research, particularly on the palaeontological side, has modified many old ...

From genetics alone, scientists can now predict how long any of myriad different creatures can live. The “lifespan clock” estimates vertebrate animals’ (those with a backbone) longevity — including ...