Crystallization is a pivotal concept in private equity fund management, particularly for General Partners (GPs) seeking to realize the value of their carried interest, or “promote.” As private equity ...

Floating charges allow creditors to take security over present and future fluctuating assets. Crystallization converts a floating charge into a fixed charge (but does not change its priority). The ...

Crystallization often sits at the heart of product quality, yield, and downstream efficiency. For many plants, the choice ...

Ruobing focuses her practice on commercial real estate transactions, including acquisitions and dispositions, construction and permanent financings, joint ventures, ground and space leases, and ...