What are the ionization techniques for mass spectrometry? Mass spectrometry (MS) plays a vital role in many aspects of our lives, from diagnosing illness and detecting food contaminants to fighting ...

In 2009 researchers found an "ionization surprise" that defied explanation. Until that time, it had been commonly thought that the ionization of atoms by strong laser fields was well-understood, but ...

To break free from an atom, the negatively charged electron typically has to absorb a high-energy photon, such as that from the ultraviolet (UV) or x-ray spectrum. The electron then gets excited ...

This report both complements and extends Technical Reports Series No. 277/2, Absorbed Dose Determination in Photon and Electron Beams - An International Code of Practice, IAEA Technical Reports Series ...

Researchers have for the first time measured the first ionization energy of lawrencium, the last of the actinides, validating predictions of the element’s electronic structure (Nature 2015, DOI: ...

Where starlight doesn't reach, new things are born: For the first time, an international research team has directly measured the effect of cosmic radiation in a cold molecular cloud. The observation ...

For manufacturers of high-technology components and products, controlling static electricity is not an option—it’s a necessity. Many companies have their own static-control programs as well as ...